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| 1.
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Sunaga, Michiko ; Futawatari, Tamae
概要:
Journal Article<br />This study aimed to develop a breast cancer survivor resilience scale (BCRS) and verify its reliabi
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lity and validity. We constructed subscales based on the results of a conceptual analysis of resilience and analysis of factors that promoteresilience. We verified the internal validity of the subscales by enlisting the opinion of nursing experts and conductinga preliminary survey. This process yielded a draft scale consisting of 64 items. We then conducted the main study on230 respondents and a re-test on 37 respondents. The results yielded a scale with two factor classes -“ individual protective”factors and “social protective” factors - and 16 items. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93 and the re-test correlationcoefficient was 0.89, indicating that the scale has internal consistency and stability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicatedstatistically significant results for construct validity, criterion-related validity, and discriminant validity, thus confirmingthat these types of validity were sufficiently present in the scale. The BCRS has sound reliability and validity,and that with clinical application, it can become an effective scale for measuring resilience in breast cancer survivors.
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Horikoshi, Masataka ; Futawatari, Tamae
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Journal Article<br />Background and Aims:Male rectal cancer patients experience postoperative anxiety regarding bowel,ur
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inary,andsexual function impairment. These patients must cope with various physical and psychosocial issues. The purposeof this study was to explain the process of accepting postoperative functional impairments among male rectal cancerpatients.M ethods:Fourteen male rectal cancer patients who had undergone surgery 6 or more months beforehand wereassessed through semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using the grounded theory approach.Results: Simultaneous bowel, urinary, and sexual dysfunction mutually impeded male rectal cancer patients’activities and negatively affected their self-esteem alongside a feeling of lost masculinity. However,patients learnedto understand their condition while exploring coping techniques for these three major impairments on their ownterms. Patients adopted one of two coping methods,positive acceptance or acceptance with resignation,dependingon support structures and the effectiveness of these established coping methods.Conclusion:Patients’acceptance of the impairment of three major bodily functions should be characterized as asingle structure,rather than focusing on accepting bowel dysfunction alone. Support programs should be structuredbased on the processes characterized through this study along with patient readiness.
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Hagiwara, Eiko ; Futawatari, Tamae
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Journal Article<br />Objective:The objective of this study is to clarify the characteristics and construct of empowermen
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t in cancer patients and to examine the utility of the concept in relation to patient support. Method:Thirty seven literatures were extracted between 2000 and 2010 in the following five fields: nursing, public health, social science, psychology, and pedagogy. An analysis was conducted employing Rodgers’ concept analysis approach. Results:The concept of empowerment in cancer patients comprised the following 6 attributes:［existence of motivation］,［awareness and reinforcement of inner strength］,［acquisition ofproblem-solving abilities］,［self-directive and independent activities］,［reframing］,and［construction of partnership and interaction］. And 4 antecedents,5consequences are extracted from the analysis. Conclusion:We defined the concept of cancer patient empowerment as “a process of gaining the ability to reframe thoughts about cancer,treatment,and life through the enhancement of active and independent behavior,acquisition of problem-solving abilities,and recognition and einforce-ment of intrinsic strength,on the basis of the patients’motivation,and realized through the interaction within the partnerships constructed between the cancer patients and people surrounding the patient.” This concept can be utilized for the research and practice in the field of cancer care,which aims to support cancer patients in acquiring the power to live their normal lives with cancer.
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Hagiwara, Eiko ; Futawatari, Tamae
概要:
application/pdf<br />Journal Article<br />The purpose of this study was to analyze Japanese and foreign papers related to the empowerment\nof cancer patients, and to identify trends and issues rel ated to studies on cancer
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patient empowerment .\nWe searched the web version of the Ichushi-Web Ver.4, PubMed and CINAHL with the keywords\n"empower," "empowerment," "cancer," and "patient," and found one Japanese and six foreign papers\nmeeting the selection criteria of this study. These papers were published between 1997 and 2004, and\nmost study designs were factor analysis studies. To summarize, the research revealed that in interpreting\nthe concept ofcancer patient empowerment, emphasis was placed on partnership andselfirespect, and that\nthe process of empowering cancer patients was aggregated into three stages : recognition of lack of\npower; working out how to control one!s cancer, treatment, mind, and body; and change of values.\nAlso, the presence of significant others, health care professionals, and fe11ow sufferers played an impor-\ntant role in the process. It is necessary to grasp the essence and reality of empowerment based on the\ncharacteristics of cancer patients, and work towards developing a practical nursing intervention model\nand evaluation scale in line with the conceptual framework of empowerment.
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Ito, Yoshikazu Z. ; Hiromachi, Sachiko ; Futawatari, Tamae ; Arai, Michiko
概要:
application/pdf<br />Departmental Bulletin Paper<br />The efficacies of the steroidal antiandrogens chlormadinone acetat
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e (CMA), 17 α-acetoxy-6-chloro-2-oxa-4, 6-pregnadiene-3, 20-dione (TZP), and cyproterone acetate (CypA) for retardation of the growth of androgen-dependent human prostatic adenocarcinoma transplanted into nude mice (Honda tumor) were tested. CypA inhibited the growth of these tumors, while CMA and TZP did not affect the weight of cancer tissue at the doses examined. Serum levels of human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in the tumor-bearing mice were very sensitive to the administration of antiandrogens, but the levels were not dependent on the changes in tumor weight. In contrast, human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in the blood of the host mice were correlated with the weight of the tumors, and were independent of treatment with antiandrogens. Castration of the cancer-bearing mice resulted in reductions in all experimental parameters tested. The validity of PSA-secreting androgen-dependent human prostate cancer xenograft as a tool for screening of efficacious antiandrogens will be discussed.
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Ito, Yoshikazu Z. ; Hiromachi, Sachiko ; Futawatari, Tamae ; Arai, Michiko ; Nakazato, Yoichi
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application/pdf<br />Departmental Bulletin Paper<br />A tumorigenic epithelial-like cell line of rat prostate origin (PR4) was established in vitro. The cell line originated from a single cell of a previously established rat
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ventral prostate cell line, and has been serially subcultured more than 100 times over 5 years. The doubling time of the cells was 18 hours, and the saturation density was 5 x 10(6) cells/ml. Oval nuclei with dispersed chromatin and well developed cytoplasmic organelles were ultrastructural characteristics of the cells. The PR4 cells were transplanted into nude mice and the histology of the resulting tumors was neopolastic epithelial-like morphology that showed cells arranged in a sheet and cord structure with a solid pattern. Very high activities of prostatic acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were observed in the cytosol of the cells. The PR4 cells did not respond to androgen. The use of the new cell line and other in vitro models of rat prostate as experimental tools for human prostatic cancer research was discussed.
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Ito, Yoshikazu Z. ; Kuroiwa, Syunsuke ; Hiromachi, Sachiko ; Futawatari, Tamae ; Arai, Michiko
概要:
application/pdf<br />Departmental Bulletin Paper<br />Human prostatic cancer transplanted into nude mice (HONDA) was tre
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ated with nonsteroidal antiandrogen, flutamide (FLT) or steroidal antiandrogen, chlormadinone acetate (CMA), with the doses of 50 mg and 200 mg for 28 days, and with a 5 μg daily dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, leuprolide (LEU), for 8 weeks separately. Administration of 200 mg of FLT showed the most significant inhibition of the tumor growth followed in decreasing order by 200 mg of FLT, and 50 mg FLT. Monotherapy with 50 mg of CMA showed no effect on the growth of the tumor, suggesting that FLT is more potent antiandrogen than CMA. However, there was no reduction of the tumor weight despite the treatment with these agents. Orchiectomy markedly reduced the tumor weight. The weight of seminal vesicles and ventral prostate of the host mice were reduced significantly after the treatment with these antiandrogens, suggesting that there was substantial suppression of endogenous androgen action in these organs. Notable reduction of serum human prostatic acid phosphatase in the tumor-bearing mice was observed. Monotreatment with LEU did not inhibit the tumor growth, indicating the impairment of pituitary-gonadal axis of the nude mice. There was no changes in the content of the androgen receptor in the tumor cells regardless of the treatment. These results indicate that inhibitory effects of the antiandrogens in this experimental system is by direct cellular action. Although orchiectomy indicates the total androgen blockade in the mice, the discrepancy between the continuous tendency of the tumor growth notwithstanding antiandrogen treatment and the suppression of the endogenous androgen action suggests that growth-promoting factors other than androgens exist in the cancer family.
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Ito, Yoshikazu Z. ; Hiromachi, Sachiko ; Shirahama, Akiko ; Arai, Michiko ; Futawatari, Tamae ; Nakazato, Yoichi a6fda3e0d86bb4578a02926de06c4502
概要:
application/pdf<br />Departmental Bulletin Paper<br />Combination treatment with human natural interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and natural interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) markedly reduced the weight of metastatic human renal cell carcinoma
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(RCC) transplanted into nude mice. Monotherapy with IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma inhibited the tumor growth without reducing the tumor weight. After combination treatment with IFN-alpha and-gamma, histological features showed notable reduction in the number of mitotic tumor cells and appreciable fibrosis in the stroma of the tumor. Infiltration of macrophages in the tumor was sparse. The results suggested that the antitumor activity of the IFNs is by direct cellular action. The general condition of tumor-bearing mice treated with IFN-alpha and-gamma was well retained, while marked emaciation was observed in the untreated tumor-bearing animals. The finding indicated that the combination treatment of RCC with IFN-alpha and-gamma may reduce the tumor burden of host mice.
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Ito, Yoshikazu Z. ; Mashimo, Sachiyo ; Kako, Masako ; Futawatari, Tamae ; Arai, Michiko
概要:
application/pdf<br />Departmental Bulletin Paper<br />The effect of fatty acids and delta 12 prostaglandin J2 (PGJ) on androgen ([3H]R1881) binding to human prostatic cancer cytosol was investigated with glycerol density gradient
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analysis and dextran-charcoal assay. The binding of androgen to the prostatic cancer cytosol receptor proteins was not modulated by saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (C16:0) or stearic acid (C18:0). Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) such as palmitoleic acid (C16:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and arachidonic acid (C20:4) showed concentration dependent inhibition on androgen binding to the receptor. The inhibitory potency of UFAs did not parallel to the number of cis double bonds and carbon; however, C20:4 had a marked inhibitory effect on the binding. PGJ at a low concentration (9.0nM) stimulated androgen binding to the receptor up to 130% of the control value. At a higher PGJ concentration (30nM), the androgen binding was markedly reduced. The inhibitory effect of PGJ on the androgen binding was more potent than that of UFAs. The results suggest that modulation of steroid hormone action by UFAs is a general characteristic of steroid hormone target cells regardless of species differences or malignant transformation of the cells.
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Ito, Yoshikazu Z. ; Futawatari, Tamae ; Arai, Michiko
概要:
application/pdf<br />Departmental Bulletin Paper<br />The synthesis of protein by the prostate of immature rats cultured
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in Nutrient mixture Ham F10, was strongly inhibited by high concentrations (10^<-4>M) of testosterone. At concentrations between 10^<-6>M to 10^<-8>M, androgens increased the synthesis of protein. There was a noticeable increase of protein synthesis as measured by the incorporation of labeled leucine into the protein fraction of the organ, with the addition of 5α androstane-3 α, 17β -diol to the organ culture.
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